http://www.cawses.org/wiki/index.php?title=Special:Contributions&feed=atom&target=Irina.MironovaCAWSES - User contributions [en]2024-03-28T20:33:50ZFrom CAWSESMediaWiki 1.15.5http://www.cawses.org/wiki/index.php/Task_1_Project_1Task 1 Project 12011-04-13T09:50:51Z<p>Irina.Mironova: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Task 1|''back to Task Group 1 Main Page'']] | [[Main Page|''back to CAWSES II Main Page'']]<br />
<br />
Task 1 Project 1<br />
<br />
= What is the effect of transient solar events on the middle and lower atmosphere?=<br />
<br />
Input for this task is expected from WG3. Output will be used in task 1.3.<br />
<br />
==Co-leaders==<br />
<br />
* Irina Mironova (RU)<br />
* Annikka Seppälä (UK/FI)<br />
<br />
==Proposed active collaborators==<br />
<br />
* studies of aerosol, water vapor response of SPE - M. Kulmala (FI), J. Kazil (GER);<br />
* Energetic particle precipitation – P. Veronnen (Finland), M. Clilverd (UK), C. Randall (US), C. Rodger (NZ)<br />
<br />
==Introduction==<br />
<br />
Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) events – flux of the charged particles accelerated to high<br />
energies during solar flares and/or coronal mass ejections. These particles are mostly<br />
protons and heaver ions with energy ranging from a few tens of keV to GeV.<br />
Normally SEP penetrate into the upper polar atmosphere, and only during some<br />
extremely strong SEP events, called Ground Level Enhancements (GLE), energetic<br />
particles can reach the troposphere increasing the ionization rate here.<br />
Transient solar events in energetic particles on the Earth atmosphere are events with<br />
enhanced energetic particle precipitation (mostly in polar and sub-polar regions) of the<br />
duration of hours-days. This gives a unique opportunity to study a direct effect on the<br />
atmosphere in case studies.<br />
<br />
==What is the effect of transient solar events on the mesosphere and upper stratosphere?==<br />
<br />
<br />
*'''What we know?'''<br />
<br />
___________________________________________________________<br />
<br />
*'''What we should do?'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==What is the effect of transient solar events on the low stratosphere and upper troposphere?==<br />
<br />
The ultimate goal of this work is to elaborate (probably empirical but better physics<br />
based) a quantitative model of the influence of energetic particles on the mid- and low atmosphere.<br />
<br />
*'''What we know?'''<br />
<br />
One of the atmospheric characteristics that can respond to rapid changes in ionization<br />
rate is the atmospheric aerosol content. However, an increase in atmospheric aerosols<br />
can only occur in regions where both ions production and trace gases with a possibility<br />
to attach to atmospheric ions are present. The maximum ionization rate occurs in the<br />
stratospheric layers at about 15–20 km. This corresponds to the altitudes of maximum<br />
of sulphuric and nitric acid vapor concentrations and where the formation of<br />
stratospheric clouds takes place. It can be supposed that the aerosol particles can be<br />
involved in the ion induced aerosol formation scheme. <br />
<br />
___________________________________________________________<br />
<br />
*'''What we should do?'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==Topical publications==<br />
<br />
• Yu, F. and Turco, R.: The size-dependent charge fraction of sub-3-nm particles as a key diagnostic of competitive nucleation mechanisms under atmospheric conditions, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 11, 11281-11309, doi:10.5194/acpd-11-11281-2011.<br />
<br />
• Nieminen, T., Paasonen, P., Manninen, H. E., Sellegri, K., Kerminen, V.-M., and Kulmala, M.: Parameterization of ion-induced nucleation rates based on ambient observations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 3393-3402, 2011.<br />
<br />
• Usoskin, I.G., G. A. Kovaltsov, I. A. Mironova, A. J. Tylka, and W. F. Dietrich, <br />
Ionization effect of solar particle GLE events in low and middle atmosphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 1979-1988, 2011.<br />
<br />
• Usoskin, I. G., G. A. Kovaltsov, and I. A. Mironova, Cosmic ray induced ionization model CRAC:CRII: An extension to the upper atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D10302, 2010.<br />
<br />
• Bazilevskaya, G.A., I.G. Usoskin, E. O. Flueckiger, R. G. Harrison, L. Desorgher, R. Buetikofer, M. B. Krainev, V.S. Makhmutov, Y.I. Stozhkov, A.K. Svirzhevskaya, N.S. Svirzhevsky and G.A. Kovaltsov, Cosmic Ray Induced Ion Production in the Atmosphere, Space Sci. Rev., 137, 149-173, 2008.<br />
<br />
• Butikofer, R., Fluckiger, E., Desorgher, L., and Moser, M.: The extreme solar cosmic<br />
ray particle event on January 2005 and its influence on the radiation dose rate at aircraft<br />
altitude, Sci. Total Env., 391,177–183, 2008.<br />
<br />
• Seppala, A., Clilverd, M. A., Rodger, C. J., Verronen, P. T., and Turunen, E.: The<br />
effects of hard-spectra solar proton events on the middle atmosphere, J. Geophys.<br />
Res., 113, A11 311, 2008.<br />
<br />
• Mironova, I. A., Desorgher, L., Usoskin, I. G., Fluckiger, E. O., and Butikofer, R.:<br />
Variations of aerosol optical properties during the extreme solar event in January 2005,<br />
Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L18610, 2008.<br />
<br />
• Randall, C. E., Harvey, V. L., Singleton, C. S., Bailey, S. M., Bernath, P. F., Codrescu,<br />
M., Nakajima, H., and Russell, J. M.: Energetic particle precipitation effects on the<br />
Southern Hemisphere stratosphere in 1992-2005, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D08 308, 2007.<br />
<br />
• Semeniuk, K., McConnell, J. C., and Jackman, C. H.: Simulation of the October-<br />
November 2003 solar proton events in the CMAM GCM: Comparison with observations,<br />
Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L15S02, 2005.<br />
<br />
==Current projects==<br />
<br />
• ISSI Team Project: "Geospace coupling to Polar Atmosphere", 2009-2011, (leader<br />
Annika Seppälä)<br />
<br />
• ISSI Team Project: “Study of cosmic ray influence upon atmospheric processes”,<br />
2010-2012, (leader Irina Mironova)<br />
<br />
• EU COST Project: “Towards a sounder assessment of the impact of solar variability on<br />
the Earth’s climate”, (leader T. Dudok de Witte)<br />
<br />
==Planed Workshops, Meetings and Conferences==<br />
<br />
• The 3rd HEPPA Workshop (http://heppa2011.iaa.es/php/28-home.htm), Granada, Spain 9-11 May 2011.<br />
<br />
• The International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics Conference (http://www.iugg2011.com/), Melbourne, Australia 28 June - 7 July 2011 <br />
<br />
* During the IUGG conference in Melbourne, Australia (28.06-7.07.2011) we plan to organize<br />
workshop on the topic of Project 1 Task 1.</div>Irina.Mironovahttp://www.cawses.org/wiki/index.php/Task_1_Project_1Task 1 Project 12011-04-13T09:39:57Z<p>Irina.Mironova: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Task 1|''back to Task Group 1 Main Page'']] | [[Main Page|''back to CAWSES II Main Page'']]<br />
<br />
Task 1 Project 1<br />
<br />
= What is the effect of transient solar events on the middle and lower atmosphere?=<br />
<br />
Input for this task is expected from WG3. Output will be used in task 1.3.<br />
<br />
==Co-leaders==<br />
<br />
* Irina Mironova (RU)<br />
* Annikka Seppälä (UK/FI)<br />
<br />
==Proposed active collaborators==<br />
<br />
* studies of aerosol, water vapor response of SPE - M. Kulmala (FI), J. Kazil (GER);<br />
* Energetic particle precipitation – P. Veronnen (Finland), M. Clilverd (UK), C. Randall (US), C. Rodger (NZ)<br />
<br />
==Introduction==<br />
<br />
Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) events – flux of the charged particles accelerated to high<br />
energies during solar flares and/or coronal mass ejections. These particles are mostly<br />
protons and heaver ions with energy ranging from a few tens of keV to GeV.<br />
Normally SEP penetrate into the upper polar atmosphere, and only during some<br />
extremely strong SEP events, called Ground Level Enhancements (GLE), energetic<br />
particles can reach the troposphere increasing the ionization rate here.<br />
Transient solar events in energetic particles on the Earth atmosphere are events with<br />
enhanced energetic particle precipitation (mostly in polar and sub-polar regions) of the<br />
duration of hours-days. This gives a unique opportunity to study a direct effect on the<br />
atmosphere in case studies.<br />
<br />
==What is the effect of transient solar events on the mesosphere and upper stratosphere?==<br />
<br />
<br />
*'''What we know?'''<br />
<br />
___________________________________________________________<br />
<br />
*'''What we should do?'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==What is the effect of transient solar events on the low stratosphere and upper troposphere?==<br />
<br />
The ultimate goal of this problem is to elaborate (probably empirical but better physics<br />
based) a model of solar/geomagnetic energetic particle events on the mid- and low atmosphere.<br />
<br />
*'''What we know?'''<br />
<br />
One of the atmospheric characteristics that can respond to rapid changes in ionization<br />
rate is the atmospheric aerosol content. However, an increase in atmospheric aerosols<br />
can only occur in regions where both ions production and trace gases with a possibility<br />
to attach to atmospheric ions are present. The maximum ionization rate occurs in the<br />
stratospheric layers at about 15–20 km. This corresponds to the altitudes of maximum<br />
of sulphuric and nitric acid vapor concentrations and where the formation of<br />
stratospheric clouds takes place. It can be supposed that the aerosol particles can be<br />
involved in the ion induced aerosol formation scheme. <br />
<br />
___________________________________________________________<br />
<br />
*'''What we should do?'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==Topical publications==<br />
<br />
• Yu, F. and Turco, R.: The size-dependent charge fraction of sub-3-nm particles as a key diagnostic of competitive nucleation mechanisms under atmospheric conditions, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 11, 11281-11309, doi:10.5194/acpd-11-11281-2011.<br />
<br />
• Nieminen, T., Paasonen, P., Manninen, H. E., Sellegri, K., Kerminen, V.-M., and Kulmala, M.: Parameterization of ion-induced nucleation rates based on ambient observations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 3393-3402, 2011.<br />
<br />
• Usoskin, I.G., G. A. Kovaltsov, I. A. Mironova, A. J. Tylka, and W. F. Dietrich, <br />
Ionization effect of solar particle GLE events in low and middle atmosphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 1979-1988, 2011.<br />
<br />
• Usoskin, I. G., G. A. Kovaltsov, and I. A. Mironova, Cosmic ray induced ionization model CRAC:CRII: An extension to the upper atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D10302, 2010.<br />
<br />
• Bazilevskaya, G.A., I.G. Usoskin, E. O. Flueckiger, R. G. Harrison, L. Desorgher, R. Buetikofer, M. B. Krainev, V.S. Makhmutov, Y.I. Stozhkov, A.K. Svirzhevskaya, N.S. Svirzhevsky and G.A. Kovaltsov, Cosmic Ray Induced Ion Production in the Atmosphere, Space Sci. Rev., 137, 149-173, 2008.<br />
<br />
• Butikofer, R., Fluckiger, E., Desorgher, L., and Moser, M.: The extreme solar cosmic<br />
ray particle event on January 2005 and its influence on the radiation dose rate at aircraft<br />
altitude, Sci. Total Env., 391,177–183, 2008.<br />
<br />
• Seppala, A., Clilverd, M. A., Rodger, C. J., Verronen, P. T., and Turunen, E.: The<br />
effects of hard-spectra solar proton events on the middle atmosphere, J. Geophys.<br />
Res., 113, A11 311, 2008.<br />
<br />
• Mironova, I. A., Desorgher, L., Usoskin, I. G., Fluckiger, E. O., and Butikofer, R.:<br />
Variations of aerosol optical properties during the extreme solar event in January 2005,<br />
Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L18610, 2008.<br />
<br />
• Randall, C. E., Harvey, V. L., Singleton, C. S., Bailey, S. M., Bernath, P. F., Codrescu,<br />
M., Nakajima, H., and Russell, J. M.: Energetic particle precipitation effects on the<br />
Southern Hemisphere stratosphere in 1992-2005, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D08 308, 2007.<br />
<br />
• Semeniuk, K., McConnell, J. C., and Jackman, C. H.: Simulation of the October-<br />
November 2003 solar proton events in the CMAM GCM: Comparison with observations,<br />
Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L15S02, 2005.<br />
<br />
==Current projects==<br />
<br />
• ISSI Team Project: "Geospace coupling to Polar Atmosphere", 2009-2011, (leader<br />
Annika Seppälä)<br />
<br />
• ISSI Team Project: “Study of cosmic ray influence upon atmospheric processes”,<br />
2010-2012, (leader Irina Mironova)<br />
<br />
• EU COST Project: “Towards a sounder assessment of the impact of solar variability on<br />
the Earth’s climate”, (leader T. Dudok de Witte)<br />
<br />
==Planed Workshops, Meetings and Conferences==<br />
<br />
• The 3rd HEPPA Workshop (http://heppa2011.iaa.es/php/28-home.htm), Granada, Spain 9-11 May 2011.<br />
<br />
• The International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics Conference (http://www.iugg2011.com/), Melbourne, Australia 28 June - 7 July 2011 <br />
<br />
* During the IUGG conference in Melbourne, Australia (28.06-7.07.2011) we plan to organize<br />
workshop on the topic of Project 1 Task 1.</div>Irina.Mironovahttp://www.cawses.org/wiki/index.php/Task_1_Project_1Task 1 Project 12011-04-13T09:25:23Z<p>Irina.Mironova: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Task 1|''back to Task Group 1 Main Page'']] | [[Main Page|''back to CAWSES II Main Page'']]<br />
<br />
Task 1 Project 1<br />
<br />
= What is the effect of transient solar events on the middle and lower atmosphere?=<br />
<br />
Input for this task is expected from WG3. Output will be used in task 1.3.<br />
<br />
==Co-leaders==<br />
<br />
* Irina Mironova (RU)<br />
* Annikka Seppälä (UK/FI)<br />
<br />
==Proposed active collaborators==<br />
<br />
* studies of aerosol, water vapor response of SPE - M. Kulmala (FI), J. Kazil (GER);<br />
* Energetic particle precipitation – P. Veronnen (Finland), M. Clilverd (UK), C. Randall (US), C. Rodger (NZ)<br />
<br />
==Introduction==<br />
<br />
Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) events – flux of the charged particles accelerated to high<br />
energies during solar flares and/or coronal mass ejections. These particles are mostly<br />
protons and heaver ions with energy ranging from a few tens of keV to GeV.<br />
Normally SEP penetrate into the upper polar atmosphere, and only during some<br />
extremely strong SEP events, called Ground Level Enhancements (GLE), energetic<br />
particles can reach the troposphere increasing the ionization rate here.<br />
Transient solar events in energetic particles on the Earth atmosphere are events with<br />
enhanced energetic particle precipitation (mostly in polar and sub-polar regions) of the<br />
duration of hours-days. This gives a unique opportunity to study a direct effect on the<br />
atmosphere in case studies.<br />
<br />
==What is the effect of transient solar events on the mesosphere and upper stratosphere?==<br />
<br />
<br />
*'''What we know?'''<br />
<br />
___________________________________________________________<br />
<br />
*'''What we should do?'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==What is the effect of transient solar events on the low stratosphere and upper troposphere?==<br />
<br />
The ultimate goal of this problem is to elaborate (probably empirical but better physics<br />
based) model of solar/geomagnetic energetic particle events on the mid- and low atmosphere.<br />
<br />
<br />
*'''What we know?'''<br />
<br />
One of the atmospheric characteristics that can respond to rapid changes in ionization<br />
rate is the atmospheric aerosol content. However, an increase in atmospheric aerosols<br />
can only occur in regions where both ions production and trace gases with a possibility<br />
to attach to atmospheric ions are present. The maximum ionization rate occurs in the<br />
stratospheric layers at about 15–20 km. This corresponds to the altitudes of maximum<br />
of sulphuric and nitric acid vapor concentrations and where the formation of<br />
stratospheric clouds takes place. It can be supposed that the aerosol particles can be<br />
involved in the ion induced aerosol formation scheme. <br />
<br />
___________________________________________________________<br />
<br />
*'''What we should do?'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==Topical publications==<br />
<br />
• Yu, F. and Turco, R.: The size-dependent charge fraction of sub-3-nm particles as a key diagnostic of competitive nucleation mechanisms under atmospheric conditions, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 11, 11281-11309, doi:10.5194/acpd-11-11281-2011.<br />
<br />
• Nieminen, T., Paasonen, P., Manninen, H. E., Sellegri, K., Kerminen, V.-M., and Kulmala, M.: Parameterization of ion-induced nucleation rates based on ambient observations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 3393-3402, 2011.<br />
<br />
• Usoskin, I.G., G. A. Kovaltsov, I. A. Mironova, A. J. Tylka, and W. F. Dietrich, <br />
Ionization effect of solar particle GLE events in low and middle atmosphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 1979-1988, 2011.<br />
<br />
• Usoskin, I. G., G. A. Kovaltsov, and I. A. Mironova, Cosmic ray induced ionization model CRAC:CRII: An extension to the upper atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D10302, 2010.<br />
<br />
• Bazilevskaya, G.A., I.G. Usoskin, E. O. Flueckiger, R. G. Harrison, L. Desorgher, R. Buetikofer, M. B. Krainev, V.S. Makhmutov, Y.I. Stozhkov, A.K. Svirzhevskaya, N.S. Svirzhevsky and G.A. Kovaltsov, Cosmic Ray Induced Ion Production in the Atmosphere, Space Sci. Rev., 137, 149-173, 2008.<br />
<br />
• Butikofer, R., Fluckiger, E., Desorgher, L., and Moser, M.: The extreme solar cosmic<br />
ray particle event on January 2005 and its influence on the radiation dose rate at aircraft<br />
altitude, Sci. Total Env., 391,177–183, 2008.<br />
<br />
• Seppala, A., Clilverd, M. A., Rodger, C. J., Verronen, P. T., and Turunen, E.: The<br />
effects of hard-spectra solar proton events on the middle atmosphere, J. Geophys.<br />
Res., 113, A11 311, 2008.<br />
<br />
• Mironova, I. A., Desorgher, L., Usoskin, I. G., Fluckiger, E. O., and Butikofer, R.:<br />
Variations of aerosol optical properties during the extreme solar event in January 2005,<br />
Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L18610, 2008.<br />
<br />
• Randall, C. E., Harvey, V. L., Singleton, C. S., Bailey, S. M., Bernath, P. F., Codrescu,<br />
M., Nakajima, H., and Russell, J. M.: Energetic particle precipitation effects on the<br />
Southern Hemisphere stratosphere in 1992-2005, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D08 308, 2007.<br />
<br />
• Semeniuk, K., McConnell, J. C., and Jackman, C. H.: Simulation of the October-<br />
November 2003 solar proton events in the CMAM GCM: Comparison with observations,<br />
Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L15S02, 2005.<br />
<br />
==Current projects==<br />
<br />
• ISSI Team Project: "Geospace coupling to Polar Atmosphere", 2009-2011, (leader<br />
Annika Seppälä)<br />
<br />
• ISSI Team Project: “Study of cosmic ray influence upon atmospheric processes”,<br />
2010-2012, (leader Irina Mironova)<br />
<br />
• EU COST Project: “Towards a sounder assessment of the impact of solar variability on<br />
the Earth’s climate”, (leader T. Dudok de Witte)<br />
<br />
==Planed Workshops, Meetings and Conferences==<br />
<br />
• The 3rd HEPPA Workshop (http://heppa2011.iaa.es/php/28-home.htm), Granada, Spain 9-11 May 2011.<br />
<br />
• The International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics Conference (http://www.iugg2011.com/), Melbourne, Australia 28 June - 7 July 2011 <br />
<br />
* During the IUGG conference in Melbourne, Australia (28.06-7.07.2011) we plan to organize<br />
workshop on the topic of Project 1 Task 1.</div>Irina.Mironovahttp://www.cawses.org/wiki/index.php/Task_1_Project_1Task 1 Project 12011-04-12T20:27:02Z<p>Irina.Mironova: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Task 1|''back to Task Group 1 Main Page'']] | [[Main Page|''back to CAWSES II Main Page'']]<br />
<br />
Task 1 Project 1<br />
<br />
= What is the effect of transient solar events on the middle and lower atmosphere?=<br />
<br />
Input for this task is expected from WG3. Output will be used in task 1.3.<br />
<br />
==Co-leaders==<br />
<br />
* Irina Mironova (RU)<br />
* Annikka Seppälä (UK/FI)<br />
<br />
==Proposed active collaborators==<br />
<br />
* studies of aerosol, water vapor response of SPE - M. Kulmala (FI), J. Kazil (GER);<br />
* Energetic particle precipitation – P. Veronnen (Finland), M. Clilverd (UK), C. Randall (US), C. Rodger (NZ)<br />
<br />
==Introduction==<br />
<br />
Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) events – flux of the charged particles accelerated to high<br />
energies during solar flares and/or coronal mass ejections. These particles are mostly<br />
protons and heaver ions with energy ranging from a few tens of keV to GeV.<br />
Normally SEP penetrate into the upper polar atmosphere, and only during some<br />
extremely strong SEP events, called Ground Level Enhancements (GLE), energetic<br />
particles can reach the troposphere increasing the ionization rate here.<br />
Transient solar events in energetic particles on the Earth atmosphere are events with<br />
enhanced energetic particle precipitation (mostly in polar and sub-polar regions) of the<br />
duration of hours-days. This gives a unique opportunity to study a direct effect on the<br />
atmosphere in case studies.<br />
<br />
==What is the effect of transient solar events on the mesosphere and upper stratosphere?==<br />
<br />
<br />
*'''What we know?'''<br />
<br />
___________________________________________________________<br />
<br />
*'''What we should do?'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==What is the effect of transient solar events on the low stratosphere and upper troposphere?==<br />
<br />
The ultimate goal of this problem is to elaborate (probably empirical but better physics<br />
based) model of solar/geomagnetic energetic particle events on the mid- and low atmosphere.<br />
<br />
<br />
*'''What we know?'''<br />
<br />
One of the atmospheric characteristics that can respond to rapid changes in ionization<br />
rate is the atmospheric aerosol content. However, an increase in atmospheric aerosols<br />
can only occur in regions where both ions production and trace gases with a possibility<br />
to attach to atmospheric ions are present. The maximum ionization rate occurs in the<br />
stratospheric layers at about 15–20 km. This corresponds to the altitudes of maximum<br />
of sulphuric and nitric acid vapor concentrations and where the formation of<br />
stratospheric clouds takes place. It can be supposed that the aerosol particles can be<br />
involved in the ion induced aerosol formation scheme. <br />
<br />
___________________________________________________________<br />
<br />
*'''What we should do?'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==Topical publications==<br />
<br />
• Usoskin, I.G., G. A. Kovaltsov, I. A. Mironova, A. J. Tylka, and W. F. Dietrich, <br />
Ionization effect of solar particle GLE events in low and middle atmosphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 1979-1988, 2011.<br />
<br />
• Bazilevskaya, G.A., I.G. Usoskin, E. O. Flueckiger, R. G. Harrison, L. Desorgher, R. Buetikofer, M. B. Krainev, V.S. Makhmutov, Y.I. Stozhkov, A.K. Svirzhevskaya, N.S. Svirzhevsky and G.A. Kovaltsov, Cosmic Ray Induced Ion Production in the Atmosphere, Space Sci. Rev., 137, 149-173, 2008.<br />
<br />
• Butikofer, R., Fluckiger, E., Desorgher, L., and Moser, M.: The extreme solar cosmic<br />
ray particle event on January 2005 and its influence on the radiation dose rate at aircraft<br />
altitude, Sci. Total Env., 391,177–183, 2008.<br />
<br />
• Seppala, A., Clilverd, M. A., Rodger, C. J., Verronen, P. T., and Turunen, E.: The<br />
effects of hard-spectra solar proton events on the middle atmosphere, J. Geophys.<br />
Res., 113, A11 311, 2008.<br />
<br />
• Mironova, I. A., Desorgher, L., Usoskin, I. G., Fluckiger, E. O., and Butikofer, R.:<br />
Variations of aerosol optical properties during the extreme solar event in January 2005,<br />
Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L18610, 2008.<br />
<br />
• Randall, C. E., Harvey, V. L., Singleton, C. S., Bailey, S. M., Bernath, P. F., Codrescu,<br />
M., Nakajima, H., and Russell, J. M.: Energetic particle precipitation effects on the<br />
Southern Hemisphere stratosphere in 1992-2005, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D08 308, 2007.<br />
<br />
• Semeniuk, K., McConnell, J. C., and Jackman, C. H.: Simulation of the October-<br />
November 2003 solar proton events in the CMAM GCM: Comparison with observations,<br />
Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L15S02, 2005.<br />
<br />
==Current projects==<br />
<br />
• ISSI Team Project: "Geospace coupling to Polar Atmosphere", 2009-2011, (leader<br />
Annika Seppälä)<br />
<br />
• ISSI Team Project: “Study of cosmic ray influence upon atmospheric processes”,<br />
2010-2012, (leader Irina Mironova)<br />
<br />
• EU COST Project: “Towards a sounder assessment of the impact of solar variability on<br />
the Earth’s climate”, (leader T. Dudok de Witte)<br />
<br />
==Planed Workshops, Meetings and Conferences==<br />
<br />
• The 3rd HEPPA Workshop (http://heppa2011.iaa.es/php/28-home.htm), Granada, Spain 9-11 May 2011.<br />
<br />
• The International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics Conference (http://www.iugg2011.com/), Melbourne, Australia 28 June - 7 July 2011 <br />
<br />
* During the IUGG conference in Melbourne, Australia (28.06-7.07.2011) we plan to organize<br />
workshop on the topic of Project 1 Task 1.</div>Irina.Mironovahttp://www.cawses.org/wiki/index.php/Task_1_Project_1Task 1 Project 12011-04-12T20:24:31Z<p>Irina.Mironova: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Task 1|''back to Task Group 1 Main Page'']] | [[Main Page|''back to CAWSES II Main Page'']]<br />
<br />
Task 1 Project 1<br />
<br />
= What is the effect of transient solar events on the middle and lower atmosphere?=<br />
<br />
Input for this task is expected from WG3. Output will be used in task 1.3.<br />
<br />
==Co-leaders==<br />
<br />
* Irina Mironova (RU)<br />
* Annikka Seppälä (UK/FI)<br />
<br />
==Proposed active collaborators==<br />
<br />
* studies of aerosol, water vapor response of SPE - M. Kulmala (FI), J. Kazil (GER);<br />
* Energetic particle precipitation – P. Veronnen (Finland), M. Clilverd (UK), C. Randall (US), C. Rodger (NZ)<br />
<br />
==Introduction==<br />
<br />
Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) events – flux of the charged particles accelerated to high<br />
energies during solar flares and/or coronal mass ejections. These particles are mostly<br />
protons and heaver ions with energy ranging from a few tens of keV to GeV.<br />
Normally SEP penetrate into the upper polar atmosphere, and only during some<br />
extremely strong SEP events, called Ground Level Enhancements (GLE), energetic<br />
particles can reach the troposphere increasing the ionization rate here.<br />
Transient solar events in energetic particles on the Earth atmosphere are events with<br />
enhanced energetic particle precipitation (mostly in polar and sub-polar regions) of the<br />
duration of hours-days. This gives a unique opportunity to study a direct effect on the<br />
atmosphere in case studies.<br />
<br />
==What is the effect of transient solar events on the mesosphere and upper stratosphere?==<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What we know?'''<br />
<br />
___________________________________________________________<br />
<br />
'''What we should do?'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==What is the effect of transient solar events on the low stratosphere and upper troposphere?==<br />
<br />
The ultimate goal of this problem is to elaborate (probably empirical but better physics<br />
based) model of solar/geomagnetic energetic particle events on the mid- and low atmosphere.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What we know?'''<br />
<br />
One of the atmospheric characteristics that can respond to rapid changes in ionization<br />
rate is the atmospheric aerosol content. However, an increase in atmospheric aerosols<br />
can only occur in regions where both ions production and trace gases with a possibility<br />
to attach to atmospheric ions are present. The maximum ionization rate occurs in the<br />
stratospheric layers at about 15–20 km. This corresponds to the altitudes of maximum<br />
of sulphuric and nitric acid vapor concentrations and where the formation of<br />
stratospheric clouds takes place. It can be supposed that the aerosol particles can be<br />
involved in the ion induced aerosol formation scheme. <br />
<br />
___________________________________________________________<br />
<br />
'''What we should do?'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==Topical publications==<br />
<br />
• Usoskin, I.G., G. A. Kovaltsov, I. A. Mironova, A. J. Tylka, and W. F. Dietrich, <br />
Ionization effect of solar particle GLE events in low and middle atmosphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 1979-1988, 2011.<br />
<br />
• Bazilevskaya, G.A., I.G. Usoskin, E. O. Flueckiger, R. G. Harrison, L. Desorgher, R. Buetikofer, M. B. Krainev, V.S. Makhmutov, Y.I. Stozhkov, A.K. Svirzhevskaya, N.S. Svirzhevsky and G.A. Kovaltsov, Cosmic Ray Induced Ion Production in the Atmosphere, Space Sci. Rev., 137, 149-173, 2008.<br />
<br />
• Butikofer, R., Fluckiger, E., Desorgher, L., and Moser, M.: The extreme solar cosmic<br />
ray particle event on January 2005 and its influence on the radiation dose rate at aircraft<br />
altitude, Sci. Total Env., 391,177–183, 2008.<br />
<br />
• Seppala, A., Clilverd, M. A., Rodger, C. J., Verronen, P. T., and Turunen, E.: The<br />
effects of hard-spectra solar proton events on the middle atmosphere, J. Geophys.<br />
Res., 113, A11 311, 2008.<br />
<br />
• Mironova, I. A., Desorgher, L., Usoskin, I. G., Fluckiger, E. O., and Butikofer, R.:<br />
Variations of aerosol optical properties during the extreme solar event in January 2005,<br />
Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L18610, 2008.<br />
<br />
• Randall, C. E., Harvey, V. L., Singleton, C. S., Bailey, S. M., Bernath, P. F., Codrescu,<br />
M., Nakajima, H., and Russell, J. M.: Energetic particle precipitation effects on the<br />
Southern Hemisphere stratosphere in 1992-2005, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D08 308, 2007.<br />
<br />
• Semeniuk, K., McConnell, J. C., and Jackman, C. H.: Simulation of the October-<br />
November 2003 solar proton events in the CMAM GCM: Comparison with observations,<br />
Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L15S02, 2005.<br />
<br />
==Current projects==<br />
<br />
• ISSI Team Project: "Geospace coupling to Polar Atmosphere", 2009-2011, (leader<br />
Annika Seppälä)<br />
<br />
• ISSI Team Project: “Study of cosmic ray influence upon atmospheric processes”,<br />
2010-2012, (leader Irina Mironova)<br />
<br />
• EU COST Project: “Towards a sounder assessment of the impact of solar variability on<br />
the Earth’s climate”, (leader T. Dudok de Witte)<br />
<br />
==Planed Workshops, Meetings and Conferences==<br />
<br />
• The 3rd HEPPA Workshop (http://heppa2011.iaa.es/php/28-home.htm), Granada, Spain 9-11 May 2011.<br />
<br />
• The International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics Conference (http://www.iugg2011.com/), Melbourne, Australia 28 June - 7 July 2011 <br />
<br />
During the IUGG conference in Melbourne, Australia (28.06-7.07.2011) we plan to organize<br />
workshop on the topic of Project 1 Task 1.</div>Irina.Mironovahttp://www.cawses.org/wiki/index.php/Task_1_Project_1Task 1 Project 12011-04-12T20:22:36Z<p>Irina.Mironova: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Task 1|''back to Task Group 1 Main Page'']] | [[Main Page|''back to CAWSES II Main Page'']]<br />
<br />
Task 1 Project 1<br />
<br />
= What is the effect of transient solar events on the middle and lower atmosphere?=<br />
<br />
Input for this task is expected from WG3. Output will be used in task 1.3.<br />
<br />
==Co-leaders==<br />
<br />
* Irina Mironova (RU)<br />
* Annikka Seppälä (UK/FI)<br />
<br />
==Proposed active collaborators==<br />
<br />
* studies of aerosol, water vapor response of SPE - M. Kulmala (FI), J. Kazil (GER);<br />
* Energetic particle precipitation – P. Veronnen (Finland), M. Clilverd (UK), C. Randall (US), C. Rodger (NZ)<br />
<br />
==Introduction==<br />
<br />
Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) events – flux of the charged particles accelerated to high<br />
energies during solar flares and/or coronal mass ejections. These particles are mostly<br />
protons and heaver ions with energy ranging from a few tens of keV to GeV.<br />
Normally SEP penetrate into the upper polar atmosphere, and only during some<br />
extremely strong SEP events, called Ground Level Enhancements (GLE), energetic<br />
particles can reach the troposphere increasing the ionization rate here.<br />
Transient solar events in energetic particles on the Earth atmosphere are events with<br />
enhanced energetic particle precipitation (mostly in polar and sub-polar regions) of the<br />
duration of hours-days. This gives a unique opportunity to study a direct effect on the<br />
atmosphere in case studies.<br />
<br />
==What is the effect of transient solar events on the mesosphere and upper stratosphere?==<br />
<br />
'''What we know?'''<br />
<br />
___________________________________________________________<br />
<br />
'''What we should do?'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==What is the effect of transient solar events on the low stratosphere and upper troposphere?==<br />
<br />
The ultimate goal of this problem is to elaborate (probably empirical but better physics<br />
based) model of solar/geomagnetic energetic particle events on the mid- and low atmosphere.<br />
<br />
'''What we know?'''<br />
<br />
One of the atmospheric characteristics that can respond to rapid changes in ionization<br />
rate is the atmospheric aerosol content. However, an increase in atmospheric aerosols<br />
can only occur in regions where both ions production and trace gases with a possibility<br />
to attach to atmospheric ions are present. The maximum ionization rate occurs in the<br />
stratospheric layers at about 15–20 km. This corresponds to the altitudes of maximum<br />
of sulphuric and nitric acid vapor concentrations and where the formation of<br />
stratospheric clouds takes place. It can be supposed that the aerosol particles can be<br />
involved in the ion induced aerosol formation scheme. <br />
<br />
___________________________________________________________<br />
<br />
'''What we should do?'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==Topical publications==<br />
<br />
• Usoskin, I.G., G. A. Kovaltsov, I. A. Mironova, A. J. Tylka, and W. F. Dietrich, <br />
Ionization effect of solar particle GLE events in low and middle atmosphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 1979-1988, 2011.<br />
<br />
• Bazilevskaya, G.A., I.G. Usoskin, E. O. Flueckiger, R. G. Harrison, L. Desorgher, R. Buetikofer, M. B. Krainev, V.S. Makhmutov, Y.I. Stozhkov, A.K. Svirzhevskaya, N.S. Svirzhevsky and G.A. Kovaltsov, Cosmic Ray Induced Ion Production in the Atmosphere, Space Sci. Rev., 137, 149-173, 2008.<br />
<br />
• Butikofer, R., Fluckiger, E., Desorgher, L., and Moser, M.: The extreme solar cosmic<br />
ray particle event on January 2005 and its influence on the radiation dose rate at aircraft<br />
altitude, Sci. Total Env., 391,177–183, 2008.<br />
<br />
• Seppala, A., Clilverd, M. A., Rodger, C. J., Verronen, P. T., and Turunen, E.: The<br />
effects of hard-spectra solar proton events on the middle atmosphere, J. Geophys.<br />
Res., 113, A11 311, 2008.<br />
<br />
• Mironova, I. A., Desorgher, L., Usoskin, I. G., Fluckiger, E. O., and Butikofer, R.:<br />
Variations of aerosol optical properties during the extreme solar event in January 2005,<br />
Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L18610, 2008.<br />
<br />
• Randall, C. E., Harvey, V. L., Singleton, C. S., Bailey, S. M., Bernath, P. F., Codrescu,<br />
M., Nakajima, H., and Russell, J. M.: Energetic particle precipitation effects on the<br />
Southern Hemisphere stratosphere in 1992-2005, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D08 308, 2007.<br />
<br />
• Semeniuk, K., McConnell, J. C., and Jackman, C. H.: Simulation of the October-<br />
November 2003 solar proton events in the CMAM GCM: Comparison with observations,<br />
Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L15S02, 2005.<br />
<br />
==Current projects==<br />
<br />
• ISSI Team Project: "Geospace coupling to Polar Atmosphere", 2009-2011, (leader<br />
Annika Seppälä)<br />
<br />
• ISSI Team Project: “Study of cosmic ray influence upon atmospheric processes”,<br />
2010-2012, (leader Irina Mironova)<br />
<br />
• EU COST Project: “Towards a sounder assessment of the impact of solar variability on<br />
the Earth’s climate”, (leader T. Dudok de Witte)<br />
<br />
==Planed Workshops, Meetings and Conferences==<br />
<br />
• The 3rd HEPPA Workshop (http://heppa2011.iaa.es/php/28-home.htm), Granada, Spain 9-11 May 2011.<br />
<br />
• The International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics Conference (http://www.iugg2011.com/), Melbourne, Australia 28 June - 7 July 2011 <br />
<br />
During the IUGG conference in Melbourne, Australia (28.06-7.07.2011) we plan to organize<br />
workshop on the topic of Project 1 Task 1.</div>Irina.Mironovahttp://www.cawses.org/wiki/index.php/Task_1_Project_1Task 1 Project 12011-04-12T20:20:51Z<p>Irina.Mironova: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Task 1|''back to Task Group 1 Main Page'']] | [[Main Page|''back to CAWSES II Main Page'']]<br />
<br />
Task 1 Project 1<br />
<br />
= What is the effect of transient solar events on the middle and lower atmosphere?=<br />
<br />
Input for this task is expected from WG3. Output will be used in task 1.3.<br />
<br />
==Co-leaders==<br />
<br />
* Irina Mironova (RU)<br />
* Annikka Seppälä (UK/FI)<br />
<br />
==Proposed active collaborators==<br />
<br />
* studies of aerosol, water vapor response of SPE - M. Kulmala (FI), J. Kazil (GER);<br />
* Energetic particle precipitation – P. Veronnen (Finland), M. Clilverd (UK), C. Randall (US), C. Rodger (NZ)<br />
<br />
==Introduction==<br />
<br />
Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) events – flux of the charged particles accelerated to high<br />
energies during solar flares and/or coronal mass ejections. These particles are mostly<br />
protons and heaver ions with energy ranging from a few tens of keV to GeV.<br />
Normally SEP penetrate into the upper polar atmosphere, and only during some<br />
extremely strong SEP events, called Ground Level Enhancements (GLE), energetic<br />
particles can reach the troposphere increasing the ionization rate here.<br />
Transient solar events in energetic particles on the Earth atmosphere are events with<br />
enhanced energetic particle precipitation (mostly in polar and sub-polar regions) of the<br />
duration of hours-days. This gives a unique opportunity to study a direct effect on the<br />
atmosphere in case studies.<br />
<br />
==What is the effect of transient solar events on the mesosphere and upper stratosphere?==<br />
<br />
'''What we know?'''<br />
<br />
___________________________________________________________<br />
<br />
'''What we should do?'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==What is the effect of transient solar events on the low stratosphere and upper troposphere?==<br />
<br />
The ultimate goal of this problem is to elaborate (probably empirical but better physics<br />
based) model of solar/geomagnetic energetic particle events on the mid- and low atmosphere.<br />
<br />
'''What we know?'''<br />
<br />
One of the atmospheric characteristics that can respond to rapid changes in ionization<br />
rate is the atmospheric aerosol content. However, an increase in atmospheric aerosols<br />
can only occur in regions where both ions production and trace gases with a possibility<br />
to attach to atmospheric ions are present. The maximum ionization rate occurs in the<br />
stratospheric layers at about 15–20 km. This corresponds to the altitudes of maximum<br />
of sulphuric and nitric acid vapor concentrations and where the formation of<br />
stratospheric clouds takes place. It can be supposed that the aerosol particles can be<br />
involved in the ion induced aerosol formation scheme. <br />
<br />
___________________________________________________________<br />
<br />
'''What we should do?'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==Topical publications==<br />
<br />
• Usoskin, I.G., G. A. Kovaltsov, I. A. Mironova, A. J. Tylka, and W. F. Dietrich, <br />
Ionization effect of solar particle GLE events in low and middle atmosphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 1979-1988, 2011.<br />
<br />
• Bazilevskaya, G.A., I.G. Usoskin, E. O. Flueckiger, R. G. Harrison, L. Desorgher, R. Buetikofer, M. B. Krainev, V.S. Makhmutov, Y.I. Stozhkov, A.K. Svirzhevskaya, N.S. Svirzhevsky and G.A. Kovaltsov, Cosmic Ray Induced Ion Production in the Atmosphere, Space Sci. Rev., 137, 149-173, 2008.<br />
<br />
• Butikofer, R., Fluckiger, E., Desorgher, L., and Moser, M.: The extreme solar cosmic<br />
ray particle event on January 2005 and its influence on the radiation dose rate at aircraft<br />
altitude, Sci. Total Env., 391,177–183, 2008.<br />
<br />
• Seppala, A., Clilverd, M. A., Rodger, C. J., Verronen, P. T., and Turunen, E.: The<br />
effects of hard-spectra solar proton events on the middle atmosphere, J. Geophys.<br />
Res., 113, A11 311, 2008.<br />
<br />
• Mironova, I. A., Desorgher, L., Usoskin, I. G., Fluckiger, E. O., and Butikofer, R.:<br />
Variations of aerosol optical properties during the extreme solar event in January 2005,<br />
Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L18610, 2008.<br />
<br />
• Randall, C. E., Harvey, V. L., Singleton, C. S., Bailey, S. M., Bernath, P. F., Codrescu,<br />
M., Nakajima, H., and Russell, J. M.: Energetic particle precipitation effects on the<br />
Southern Hemisphere stratosphere in 1992-2005, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D08 308, 2007.<br />
<br />
• Semeniuk, K., McConnell, J. C., and Jackman, C. H.: Simulation of the October-<br />
November 2003 solar proton events in the CMAM GCM: Comparison with observations,<br />
Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L15S02, 2005.<br />
<br />
==Current projects==<br />
<br />
• ISSI Team Project: "Geospace coupling to Polar Atmosphere", 2009-2011, (leader<br />
Annika Seppälä)<br />
<br />
• ISSI Team Project: “Study of cosmic ray influence upon atmospheric processes”,<br />
2010-2012, (leader Irina Mironova)<br />
<br />
• EU COST Project: “Towards a sounder assessment of the impact of solar variability on<br />
the Earth’s climate”, (leader T. Dudok de Witte)<br />
<br />
==Planed Workshops, Meetings and Conferences==<br />
<br />
• The 3rd HEPPA Workshop (http://heppa2011.iaa.es/php/28-home.htm), Granada 9-11 May 2011.<br />
<br />
• The International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics Conference (http://www.iugg2011.com/), Melbourne, Australia 28 June - 7 July 2011 <br />
<br />
During the IUGG conference in Melbourne, Australia (28.06-7.07.2011) we plan to organize<br />
workshop on the topic of Project 1 Task 1.</div>Irina.Mironovahttp://www.cawses.org/wiki/index.php/Task_1_Project_1Task 1 Project 12011-04-12T20:05:34Z<p>Irina.Mironova: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Task 1|''back to Task Group 1 Main Page'']] | [[Main Page|''back to CAWSES II Main Page'']]<br />
<br />
Task 1 Project 1<br />
<br />
= What is the effect of transient solar events on the middle and lower atmosphere?=<br />
<br />
Input for this task is expected from WG3. Output will be used in task 1.3.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Co-leaders==<br />
<br />
* Irina Mironova (RU)<br />
* Annikka Seppälä (UK/FI)<br />
<br />
==Proposed active collaborators==<br />
<br />
* studies of aerosol, water vapor response of SPE - M. Kulmala (FI), J. Kazil (GER);<br />
* Energetic particle precipitation – P. Veronnen (Finland), M. Clilverd (UK), C. Randall (US), C. Rodger (NZ)<br />
<br />
==Introduction==<br />
<br />
Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) events – flux of the charged particles accelerated to high<br />
energies during solar flares and/or coronal mass ejections. These particles are mostly<br />
protons and heaver ions with energy ranging from a few tens of keV to GeV.<br />
Normally SEP penetrate into the upper polar atmosphere, and only during some<br />
extremely strong SEP events, called Ground Level Enhancements (GLE), energetic<br />
particles can reach the troposphere increasing the ionization rate here.<br />
Transient solar events in energetic particles on the Earth atmosphere are events with<br />
enhanced energetic particle precipitation (mostly in polar and sub-polar regions) of the<br />
duration of hours-days. This gives a unique opportunity to study a direct effect on the<br />
atmosphere in case studies.<br />
<br />
==What is the effect of transient solar events on the mesosphere and upper stratosphere?==<br />
<br />
'''What we know?'''<br />
<br />
___________________________________________________________<br />
<br />
'''What we should do?'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==What is the effect of transient solar events on the low stratosphere and upper troposphere?==<br />
<br />
The ultimate goal of this problem is to elaborate (probably empirical but better physics<br />
based) model of solar/geomagnetic energetic particle events on the mid- and low atmosphere.<br />
<br />
'''What we know?'''<br />
<br />
One of the atmospheric characteristics that can respond to rapid changes in ionization<br />
rate is the atmospheric aerosol content. However, an increase in atmospheric aerosols<br />
can only occur in regions where both ions production and trace gases with a possibility<br />
to attach to atmospheric ions are present. The maximum ionization rate occurs in the<br />
stratospheric layers at about 15–20 km. This corresponds to the altitudes of maximum<br />
of sulphuric and nitric acid vapor concentrations and where the formation of<br />
stratospheric clouds takes place. It can be supposed that the aerosol particles can be<br />
involved in the ion induced aerosol formation scheme. <br />
<br />
___________________________________________________________<br />
<br />
'''What we should do?'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==Topical publications==<br />
• <br />
• Butikofer, R., Fluckiger, E., Desorgher, L., and Moser, M.: The extreme solar cosmic<br />
ray particle event on January 2005 and its influence on the radiation dose rate at aircraft<br />
altitude, Sci. Total Env., 391,177–183, 2008.<br />
<br />
• Mironova, I. A., Desorgher, L., Usoskin, I. G., Fluckiger, E. O., and Butikofer, R.:<br />
Variations of aerosol optical properties during the extreme solar event in January 2005,<br />
Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L18610, 2008.<br />
<br />
• Randall, C. E., Harvey, V. L., Singleton, C. S., Bailey, S. M., Bernath, P. F., Codrescu,<br />
M., Nakajima, H., and Russell, J. M.: Energetic particle precipitation effects on the<br />
Southern Hemisphere stratosphere in 1992-2005, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D08 308, 2007.<br />
<br />
• Semeniuk, K., McConnell, J. C., and Jackman, C. H.: Simulation of the October-<br />
November 2003 solar proton events in the CMAM GCM: Comparison with observations,<br />
Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L15S02, 2005.<br />
<br />
• Seppala, A., Clilverd, M. A., Rodger, C. J., Verronen, P. T., and Turunen, E.: The<br />
effects of hard-spectra solar proton events on the middle atmosphere, J. Geophys.<br />
Res., 113, A11 311, 2008.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Current projects==<br />
<br />
• ISSI Team Project: "Geospace coupling to Polar Atmosphere", 2009-2011, (leader<br />
Annika Seppälä )<br />
• ISSI Team Project: “Study of cosmic ray influence upon atmospheric processes”,<br />
accepted for 2010-2012, (leader Irina Mironova)<br />
• EU COST Project: “Towards a sounder assessment of the impact of solar variability on<br />
the Earth’s climate”, (leader T. Dudok de Witte)<br />
<br />
<br />
==Planed Workshops, Meetings and Conferences==<br />
<br />
• During IUGG in Melbourne, Australia (28.06-7.07.2011) we plan to organize<br />
workshop on the topic of Project 1 Task 1.<br />
<br />
•</div>Irina.Mironovahttp://www.cawses.org/wiki/index.php/Task_1_Project_1Task 1 Project 12011-04-12T19:59:39Z<p>Irina.Mironova: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Task 1|''back to Task Group 1 Main Page'']] | [[Main Page|''back to CAWSES II Main Page'']]<br />
<br />
Task 1 Project 1<br />
<br />
= What is the effect of transient solar events on the middle and lower atmosphere?=<br />
<br />
Input for this task is expected from WG3. Output will be used in task 1.3.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Co-leaders==<br />
<br />
* Irina Mironova (RU)<br />
* Annikka Seppälä (UK/FI)<br />
<br />
<br />
==Proposed active collaborators==<br />
<br />
* studies of aerosol, water vapor response of SPE - M. Kulmala (FI), J. Kazil (GER);<br />
* Energetic particle precipitation – P. Veronnen (Finland), M. Clilverd (UK), C. Randall (US), C. Rodger (NZ)<br />
<br />
<br />
==Introduction==<br />
<br />
Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) events – flux of the charged particles accelerated to high<br />
energies during solar flares and/or coronal mass ejections. These particles are mostly<br />
protons and heaver ions with energy ranging from a few tens of keV to GeV.<br />
Normally SEP penetrate into the upper polar atmosphere, and only during some<br />
extremely strong SEP events, called Ground Level Enhancements (GLE), energetic<br />
particles can reach the troposphere increasing the ionization rate here.<br />
Transient solar events in energetic particles on the Earth atmosphere are events with<br />
enhanced energetic particle precipitation (mostly in polar and sub-polar regions) of the<br />
duration of hours-days. This gives a unique opportunity to study a direct effect on the<br />
atmosphere in case studies.<br />
<br />
<br />
==What is the effect of transient solar events on the mesosphere and upper stratosphere?==<br />
<br />
'''What we know?'''<br />
<br />
___________________________________________________________<br />
<br />
'''What we should do?'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==What is the effect of transient solar events on the low stratosphere and upper troposphere?==<br />
<br />
The ultimate goal of this problem is to elaborate (probably empirical but better physics<br />
based) model of solar/geomagnetic energetic particle events on the mid- and lowatmosphere.<br />
<br />
'''What we know?'''<br />
<br />
One of the atmospheric characteristics that can respond to rapid changes in ionization<br />
rate is the atmospheric aerosol content. However, an increase in atmospheric aerosols<br />
can only occur in regions where both ions production and trace gases with a possibility<br />
to attach to atmospheric ions are present. The maximum ionization rate occurs in the<br />
stratospheric layers at about 15–20 km. This corresponds to the altitudes of maximum<br />
of sulphuric and nitric acid vapor concentrations and where the formation of<br />
stratospheric clouds takes place. It can be supposed that the aerosol particles can be<br />
involved in the ion induced aerosol formation scheme. <br />
<br />
___________________________________________________________<br />
<br />
'''What we should do?'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==Topical publications==<br />
• <br />
• Butikofer, R., Fluckiger, E., Desorgher, L., and Moser, M.: The extreme solar cosmic<br />
ray particle event on January 2005 and its influence on the radiation dose rate at aircraft<br />
altitude, Sci. Total Env., 391,177–183, 2008.<br />
• Mironova, I. A., Desorgher, L., Usoskin, I. G., Fluckiger, E. O., and Butikofer, R.:<br />
Variations of aerosol optical properties during the extreme solar event in January 2005,<br />
Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L18610, 2008.<br />
• Randall, C. E., Harvey, V. L., Singleton, C. S., Bailey, S. M., Bernath, P. F., Codrescu,<br />
M., Nakajima, H., and Russell, J. M.: Energetic particle precipitation effects on the<br />
Southern Hemisphere stratosphere in 1992-2005, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D08 308, 2007.<br />
• Semeniuk, K., McConnell, J. C., and Jackman, C. H.: Simulation of the October-<br />
November 2003 solar proton events in the CMAM GCM: Comparison with observations,<br />
Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L15S02, 2005.<br />
• Seppala, A., Clilverd, M. A., Rodger, C. J., Verronen, P. T., and Turunen, E.: The<br />
effects of hard-spectra solar proton events on the middle atmosphere, J. Geophys.<br />
Res., 113, A11 311, 2008.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Current projects==<br />
<br />
• ISSI Team Project: "Geospace coupling to Polar Atmosphere", 2009-2011, (leader<br />
Annika Seppälä )<br />
• ISSI Team Project: “Study of cosmic ray influence upon atmospheric processes”,<br />
accepted for 2010-2012, (leader Irina Mironova)<br />
• EU COST Project: “Towards a sounder assessment of the impact of solar variability on<br />
the Earth’s climate”, (leader T. Dudok de Witte)<br />
<br />
<br />
==Planed Workshops, Meetings and Conferences==<br />
<br />
• During IUGG in Melbourne, Australia (28.06-7.07.2011) we plan to organize<br />
workshop on the topic of Project 1 Task 1.<br />
<br />
•</div>Irina.Mironovahttp://www.cawses.org/wiki/index.php/Task_1_Project_1Task 1 Project 12011-04-12T19:53:00Z<p>Irina.Mironova: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Task 1|''back to Task Group 1 Main Page'']] | [[Main Page|''back to CAWSES II Main Page'']]<br />
<br />
Task 1 Project 1<br />
<br />
= What is the effect of transient solar events on the middle and lower atmosphere?=<br />
<br />
Input for this task is expected from WG3. Output will be used in task 1.3.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Co-leaders==<br />
<br />
* Irina Mironova (RU)<br />
* Annikka Seppälä (UK/FI)<br />
<br />
<br />
==Proposed active collaborators==<br />
<br />
* studies of aerosol, water vapor response of SPE - M. Kulmala (FI), J. Kazil (GER);<br />
* Energetic particle precipitation – P. Veronnen (Finland), M. Clilverd (UK), C. Randall (US), C. Rodger (NZ)<br />
<br />
<br />
==Introduction==<br />
<br />
Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) events – flux of the charged particles accelerated to high<br />
energies during solar flares and/or coronal mass ejections. These particles are mostly<br />
protons and heaver ions with energy ranging from a few tens of keV to GeV.<br />
Normally SEP penetrate into the upper polar atmosphere, and only during some<br />
extremely strong SEP events, called Ground Level Enhancements (GLE), energetic<br />
particles can reach the troposphere increasing the ionization rate here.<br />
Transient solar events in energetic particles on the Earth atmosphere are events with<br />
enhanced energetic particle precipitation (mostly in polar and sub-polar regions) of the<br />
duration of hours-days. This gives a unique opportunity to study a direct effect on the<br />
atmosphere in case studies.<br />
<br />
<br />
==What is the effect of transient solar events on the mesosphere and upper stratosphere?==<br />
<br />
'''What we know?'''<br />
___________________________________________________________<br />
<br />
'''What we should do?'''<br />
<br />
<br />
==What is the effect of transient solar events on the low stratosphere and upper troposphere?==<br />
<br />
The ultimate goal of this problem is to elaborate (probably empirical but better physics<br />
based) model of solar/geomagnetic energetic particle events on the mid- and lowatmosphere.<br />
<br />
'''What we know?'''<br />
One of the atmospheric characteristics that can respond to rapid changes in ionization<br />
rate is the atmospheric aerosol content. However, an increase in atmospheric aerosols<br />
can only occur in regions where both ions production and trace gases with a possibility<br />
to attach to atmospheric ions are present. The maximum ionization rate occurs in the<br />
stratospheric layers at about 15–20 km. This corresponds to the altitudes of maximum<br />
of sulphuric and nitric acid vapor concentrations and where the formation of<br />
stratospheric clouds takes place. It can be supposed that the aerosol particles can be<br />
involved in the ion induced aerosol formation scheme. <br />
<br />
___________________________________________________________<br />
<br />
'''What we should do?'''<br />
<br />
<br />
___________________________________________________________<br />
<br />
Topical publications:<br />
• Butikofer, R., Fluckiger, E., Desorgher, L., and Moser, M.: The extreme solar cosmic<br />
ray particle event on January 2005 and its influence on the radiation dose rate at aircraft<br />
altitude, Sci. Total Env., 391,177–183, 2008.<br />
• Mironova, I. A., Desorgher, L., Usoskin, I. G., Fluckiger, E. O., and Butikofer, R.:<br />
Variations of aerosol optical properties during the extreme solar event in January 2005,<br />
Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L18610, 2008.<br />
• Randall, C. E., Harvey, V. L., Singleton, C. S., Bailey, S. M., Bernath, P. F., Codrescu,<br />
M., Nakajima, H., and Russell, J. M.: Energetic particle precipitation effects on the<br />
Southern Hemisphere stratosphere in 1992-2005, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D08 308, 2007.<br />
• Semeniuk, K., McConnell, J. C., and Jackman, C. H.: Simulation of the October-<br />
November 2003 solar proton events in the CMAM GCM: Comparison with observations,<br />
Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L15S02, 2005.<br />
• Seppala, A., Clilverd, M. A., Rodger, C. J., Verronen, P. T., and Turunen, E.: The<br />
effects of hard-spectra solar proton events on the middle atmosphere, J. Geophys.<br />
Res., 113, A11 311, 2008.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________<br />
<br />
Current projects:<br />
• ISSI Team Project: "Geospace coupling to Polar Atmosphere", 2009-2011, (leader<br />
Annika Sepp)<br />
• ISSI Team Project: “Study of cosmic ray influence upon atmospheric processes”,<br />
accepted for 2010-2012, (leader Irina Mironova)<br />
• EU COST Project: “Towards a sounder assessment of the impact of solar variability on<br />
the Earth’s climate”, (leader T. Dudok de Witte)<br />
<br />
Planed Workshops, Meetings and Conferences:<br />
• During IUGG in Melbourne, Australia (28.06-7.07.2011) we plan to organize<br />
workshop on the topic of Project 1 Task 1.</div>Irina.Mironovahttp://www.cawses.org/wiki/index.php/Task_1_Project_1Task 1 Project 12011-04-12T19:48:59Z<p>Irina.Mironova: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Task 1|''back to Task Group 1 Main Page'']] | [[Main Page|''back to CAWSES II Main Page'']]<br />
<br />
Task 1 Project 1<br />
<br />
= What is the effect of transient solar events on the middle and lower atmosphere?=<br />
<br />
Input for this task is expected from WG3. Output will be used in task 1.3.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Co-leaders==<br />
<br />
* Irina Mironova (RU)<br />
* Annikka Seppälä (UK/FI)<br />
<br />
<br />
==Proposed active collaborators==<br />
<br />
* studies of aerosol, water vapor response of SPE - M. Kulmala (FI), J. Kazil (GER);<br />
* Energetic particle precipitation – P. Veronnen (Finland), M. Clilverd (UK), C. Randall (US), C. Rodger (NZ)<br />
<br />
<br />
==Introduction==<br />
<br />
Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) events – flux of the charged particles accelerated to high<br />
energies during solar flares and/or coronal mass ejections. These particles are mostly<br />
protons and heaver ions with energy ranging from a few tens of keV to GeV.<br />
Normally SEP penetrate into the upper polar atmosphere, and only during some<br />
extremely strong SEP events, called Ground Level Enhancements (GLE), energetic<br />
particles can reach the troposphere increasing the ionization rate here.<br />
Transient solar events in energetic particles on the Earth atmosphere are events with<br />
enhanced energetic particle precipitation (mostly in polar and sub-polar regions) of the<br />
duration of hours-days. This gives a unique opportunity to study a direct effect on the<br />
atmosphere in case studies.<br />
<br />
<br />
== <br />
What is the effect of transient solar events on the mesosphere and upper stratosphere? <br />
<br />
==<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What we know?'''<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What we should do?'''<br />
<br />
<br />
== <br />
What is the effect of transient solar events on the low stratosphere and upper troposphere? <br />
==<br />
<br />
The ultimate goal of this problem is to elaborate (probably empirical but better physics<br />
based) model of solar/geomagnetic energetic particle events on the mid- and lowatmosphere.<br />
<br />
'''What we know?'''<br />
One of the atmospheric characteristics that can respond to rapid changes in ionization<br />
rate is the atmospheric aerosol content. However, an increase in atmospheric aerosols<br />
can only occur in regions where both ions production and trace gases with a possibility<br />
to attach to atmospheric ions are present. The maximum ionization rate occurs in the<br />
stratospheric layers at about 15–20 km. This corresponds to the altitudes of maximum<br />
of sulphuric and nitric acid vapor concentrations and where the formation of<br />
stratospheric clouds takes place. It can be supposed that the aerosol particles can be<br />
involved in the ion induced aerosol formation scheme. ……………<br />
<br />
'''What we should do?'''<br />
<br />
<br />
___________________________________________________________<br />
<br />
Topical publications:<br />
• Butikofer, R., Fluckiger, E., Desorgher, L., and Moser, M.: The extreme solar cosmic<br />
ray particle event on January 2005 and its influence on the radiation dose rate at aircraft<br />
altitude, Sci. Total Env., 391,177–183, 2008.<br />
• Mironova, I. A., Desorgher, L., Usoskin, I. G., Fluckiger, E. O., and Butikofer, R.:<br />
Variations of aerosol optical properties during the extreme solar event in January 2005,<br />
Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L18610, 2008.<br />
• Randall, C. E., Harvey, V. L., Singleton, C. S., Bailey, S. M., Bernath, P. F., Codrescu,<br />
M., Nakajima, H., and Russell, J. M.: Energetic particle precipitation effects on the<br />
Southern Hemisphere stratosphere in 1992-2005, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D08 308, 2007.<br />
• Semeniuk, K., McConnell, J. C., and Jackman, C. H.: Simulation of the October-<br />
November 2003 solar proton events in the CMAM GCM: Comparison with observations,<br />
Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L15S02, 2005.<br />
• Seppala, A., Clilverd, M. A., Rodger, C. J., Verronen, P. T., and Turunen, E.: The<br />
effects of hard-spectra solar proton events on the middle atmosphere, J. Geophys.<br />
Res., 113, A11 311, 2008.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________<br />
<br />
Current projects:<br />
• ISSI Team Project: "Geospace coupling to Polar Atmosphere", 2009-2011, (leader<br />
Annika Sepp)<br />
• ISSI Team Project: “Study of cosmic ray influence upon atmospheric processes”,<br />
accepted for 2010-2012, (leader Irina Mironova)<br />
• EU COST Project: “Towards a sounder assessment of the impact of solar variability on<br />
the Earth’s climate”, (leader T. Dudok de Witte)<br />
<br />
Planed Workshops, Meetings and Conferences:<br />
• During IUGG in Melbourne, Australia (28.06-7.07.2011) we plan to organize<br />
workshop on the topic of Project 1 Task 1.</div>Irina.Mironovahttp://www.cawses.org/wiki/index.php/Task_1_Project_1Task 1 Project 12011-04-12T19:47:15Z<p>Irina.Mironova: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Task 1|''back to Task Group 1 Main Page'']] | [[Main Page|''back to CAWSES II Main Page'']]<br />
<br />
Task 1 Project 1<br />
<br />
= What is the effect of transient solar events on the middle and lower atmosphere?=<br />
<br />
Input for this task is expected from WG3. Output will be used in task 1.3.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Co-leaders==<br />
<br />
* Irina Mironova (RU)<br />
* Annikka Seppälä (UK/FI)<br />
<br />
<br />
==Proposed active collaborators==<br />
<br />
* studies of aerosol, water vapor response of SPE - M. Kulmala (FI), J. Kazil (GER);<br />
* Energetic particle precipitation – P. Veronnen (Finland), M. Clilverd (UK), C. Randall (US), C. Rodger (NZ)<br />
<br />
<br />
==Introduction==<br />
<br />
Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) events – flux of the charged particles accelerated to high<br />
energies during solar flares and/or coronal mass ejections. These particles are mostly<br />
protons and heaver ions with energy ranging from a few tens of keV to GeV.<br />
Normally SEP penetrate into the upper polar atmosphere, and only during some<br />
extremely strong SEP events, called Ground Level Enhancements (GLE), energetic<br />
particles can reach the troposphere increasing the ionization rate here.<br />
Transient solar events in energetic particles on the Earth atmosphere are events with<br />
enhanced energetic particle precipitation (mostly in polar and sub-polar regions) of the<br />
duration of hours-days. This gives a unique opportunity to study a direct effect on the<br />
atmosphere in case studies.<br />
<br />
<br />
== <br />
What is the effect of transient solar events on the mesosphere and upper<br />
stratosphere? <br />
<br />
==<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What we know?'''<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What we should do?'''<br />
<br />
<br />
== <br />
What is the effect of transient solar events on the low stratosphere and upper<br />
troposphere? <br />
==<br />
<br />
The ultimate goal of this problem is to elaborate (probably empirical but better physics<br />
based) model of solar/geomagnetic energetic particle events on the mid- and lowatmosphere.<br />
<br />
'''What we know?'''<br />
One of the atmospheric characteristics that can respond to rapid changes in ionization<br />
rate is the atmospheric aerosol content. However, an increase in atmospheric aerosols<br />
can only occur in regions where both ions production and trace gases with a possibility<br />
to attach to atmospheric ions are present. The maximum ionization rate occurs in the<br />
stratospheric layers at about 15–20 km. This corresponds to the altitudes of maximum<br />
of sulphuric and nitric acid vapor concentrations and where the formation of<br />
stratospheric clouds takes place. It can be supposed that the aerosol particles can be<br />
involved in the ion induced aerosol formation scheme. ……………<br />
<br />
'''What we should do?'''<br />
<br />
<br />
___________________________________________________________<br />
<br />
Topical publications:<br />
• Butikofer, R., Fluckiger, E., Desorgher, L., and Moser, M.: The extreme solar cosmic<br />
ray particle event on January 2005 and its influence on the radiation dose rate at aircraft<br />
altitude, Sci. Total Env., 391,177–183, 2008.<br />
• Mironova, I. A., Desorgher, L., Usoskin, I. G., Fluckiger, E. O., and Butikofer, R.:<br />
Variations of aerosol optical properties during the extreme solar event in January 2005,<br />
Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L18610, 2008.<br />
• Randall, C. E., Harvey, V. L., Singleton, C. S., Bailey, S. M., Bernath, P. F., Codrescu,<br />
M., Nakajima, H., and Russell, J. M.: Energetic particle precipitation effects on the<br />
Southern Hemisphere stratosphere in 1992-2005, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D08 308, 2007.<br />
• Semeniuk, K., McConnell, J. C., and Jackman, C. H.: Simulation of the October-<br />
November 2003 solar proton events in the CMAM GCM: Comparison with observations,<br />
Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L15S02, 2005.<br />
• Seppala, A., Clilverd, M. A., Rodger, C. J., Verronen, P. T., and Turunen, E.: The<br />
effects of hard-spectra solar proton events on the middle atmosphere, J. Geophys.<br />
Res., 113, A11 311, 2008.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________<br />
<br />
Current projects:<br />
• ISSI Team Project: "Geospace coupling to Polar Atmosphere", 2009-2011, (leader<br />
Annika Sepp)<br />
• ISSI Team Project: “Study of cosmic ray influence upon atmospheric processes”,<br />
accepted for 2010-2012, (leader Irina Mironova)<br />
• EU COST Project: “Towards a sounder assessment of the impact of solar variability on<br />
the Earth’s climate”, (leader T. Dudok de Witte)<br />
<br />
Planed Workshops, Meetings and Conferences:<br />
• During IUGG in Melbourne, Australia (28.06-7.07.2011) we plan to organize<br />
workshop on the topic of Project 1 Task 1.</div>Irina.Mironovahttp://www.cawses.org/wiki/index.php/Task_1_Project_1Task 1 Project 12011-04-12T19:45:40Z<p>Irina.Mironova: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Task 1|''back to Task Group 1 Main Page'']] | [[Main Page|''back to CAWSES II Main Page'']]<br />
<br />
Task 1 Project 1<br />
<br />
= What is the effect of transient solar events on the middle and lower atmosphere?=<br />
<br />
Input for this task is expected from WG3. Output will be used in task 1.3.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Co-leaders==<br />
<br />
* Irina Mironova (RU)<br />
* Annikka Seppälä (UK/FI)<br />
<br />
<br />
==Proposed active collaborators==<br />
<br />
* studies of aerosol, water vapor response of SPE - M. Kulmala (FI), J. Kazil (GER);<br />
* Energetic particle precipitation – P. Veronnen (Finland), M. Clilverd (UK), C. Randall (US), C. Rodger (NZ)<br />
<br />
<br />
==Introduction==<br />
<br />
Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) events – flux of the charged particles accelerated to high<br />
energies during solar flares and/or coronal mass ejections. These particles are mostly<br />
protons and heaver ions with energy ranging from a few tens of keV to GeV.<br />
Normally SEP penetrate into the upper polar atmosphere, and only during some<br />
extremely strong SEP events, called Ground Level Enhancements (GLE), energetic<br />
particles can reach the troposphere increasing the ionization rate here.<br />
Transient solar events in energetic particles on the Earth atmosphere are events with<br />
enhanced energetic particle precipitation (mostly in polar and sub-polar regions) of the<br />
duration of hours-days. This gives a unique opportunity to study a direct effect on the<br />
atmosphere in case studies.<br />
<br />
<br />
== <br />
What is the effect of transient solar events on the mesosphere and upper<br />
stratosphere? <br />
<br />
==<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What we know?'''<br />
<br />
<br />
'''What we should do?'''<br />
<br />
<br />
== <br />
What is the effect of transient solar events on the low stratosphere and upper<br />
troposphere? <br />
==<br />
<br />
The ultimate goal of this problem is to elaborate (probably empirical but better physics<br />
based) model of solar/geomagnetic energetic particle events on the mid- and lowatmosphere.<br />
<br />
'''What we know?'''<br />
One of the atmospheric characteristics that can respond to rapid changes in ionization<br />
rate is the atmospheric aerosol content. However, an increase in atmospheric aerosols<br />
can only occur in regions where both ions production and trace gases with a possibility<br />
to attach to atmospheric ions are present. The maximum ionization rate occurs in the<br />
stratospheric layers at about 15–20 km. This corresponds to the altitudes of maximum<br />
of sulphuric and nitric acid vapor concentrations and where the formation of<br />
stratospheric clouds takes place. It can be supposed that the aerosol particles can be<br />
involved in the ion induced aerosol formation scheme. ……………<br />
<br />
'''What we should do?'''</div>Irina.Mironovahttp://www.cawses.org/wiki/index.php/Task_1_Project_1Task 1 Project 12011-04-12T19:38:32Z<p>Irina.Mironova: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Task 1|''back to Task Group 1 Main Page'']] | [[Main Page|''back to CAWSES II Main Page'']]<br />
<br />
Task 1 Project 1<br />
<br />
= What is the effect of transient solar events on the middle and lower atmosphere?=<br />
<br />
Input for this task is expected from WG3. Output will be used in task 1.3.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Co-leaders==<br />
<br />
* Irina Mironova (RU)<br />
* Annikka Seppälä (UK/FI)<br />
<br />
<br />
==Proposed active collaborators==<br />
<br />
* studies of aerosol, water vapor response of SPE - M. Kulmala (FI), J. Kazil (GER);<br />
* Energetic particle precipitation – P. Veronnen (Finland), M. Clilverd (UK), C. Randall (US), C. Rodger (NZ)<br />
<br />
<br />
==Introduction==<br />
<br />
Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) events – flux of the charged particles accelerated to high<br />
energies during solar flares and/or coronal mass ejections. These particles are mostly<br />
protons and heaver ions with energy ranging from a few tens of keV to GeV.<br />
Normally SEP penetrate into the upper polar atmosphere, and only during some<br />
extremely strong SEP events, called Ground Level Enhancements (GLE), energetic<br />
particles can reach the troposphere increasing the ionization rate here.<br />
Transient solar events in energetic particles on the Earth atmosphere are events with<br />
enhanced energetic particle precipitation (mostly in polar and sub-polar regions) of the<br />
duration of hours-days. This gives a unique opportunity to study a direct effect on the<br />
atmosphere in case studies.<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
== What is the effect of transient solar events on the mesosphere and upper<br />
stratosphere?<br />
==<br />
<br />
'''= ==<br />
=<br />
<br />
What we know?<br />
<br />
<br />
What we should do?<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
== What is the effect of transient solar events on the low stratosphere and upper<br />
troposphere? ==<br />
<br />
The ultimate goal of this problem is to elaborate (probably empirical but better physics<br />
based) model of solar/geomagnetic energetic particle events on the mid- and lowatmosphere.<br />
<br />
What we know?<br />
One of the atmospheric characteristics that can respond to rapid changes in ionization<br />
rate is the atmospheric aerosol content. However, an increase in atmospheric aerosols<br />
can only occur in regions where both ions production and trace gases with a possibility<br />
to attach to atmospheric ions are present. The maximum ionization rate occurs in the<br />
stratospheric layers at about 15–20 km. This corresponds to the altitudes of maximum<br />
of sulphuric and nitric acid vapor concentrations and where the formation of<br />
stratospheric clouds takes place. It can be supposed that the aerosol particles can be<br />
involved in the ion induced aerosol formation scheme. ……………<br />
<br />
What we should do?</div>Irina.Mironovahttp://www.cawses.org/wiki/index.php/Task_1_Project_1Task 1 Project 12011-04-12T19:34:58Z<p>Irina.Mironova: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Task 1|''back to Task Group 1 Main Page'']] | [[Main Page|''back to CAWSES II Main Page'']]<br />
<br />
Task 1 Project 1<br />
<br />
= What is the effect of transient solar events on the middle and lower atmosphere?=<br />
<br />
Input for this task is expected from WG3. Output will be used in task 1.3.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Co-leaders==<br />
* Irina Mironova (RU)<br />
* Annikka Seppälä (UK/FI)<br />
<br />
<br />
==Proposed active collaborators==<br />
* studies of aerosol, water vapor response of SPE - M. Kulmala (FI), J. Kazil (GER);<br />
* Energetic particle precipitation – P. Veronnen (Finland), M. Clilverd (UK), C. Randall (US), C. Rodger (NZ)<br />
<br />
<br />
==Introduction==<br />
Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) events – flux of the charged particles accelerated to high<br />
energies during solar flares and/or coronal mass ejections. These particles are mostly<br />
protons and heaver ions with energy ranging from a few tens of keV to GeV.<br />
Normally SEP penetrate into the upper polar atmosphere, and only during some<br />
extremely strong SEP events, called Ground Level Enhancements (GLE), energetic<br />
particles can reach the troposphere increasing the ionization rate here.<br />
Transient solar events in energetic particles on the Earth atmosphere are events with<br />
enhanced energetic particle precipitation (mostly in polar and sub-polar regions) of the<br />
duration of hours-days. This gives a unique opportunity to study a direct effect on the<br />
atmosphere in case studies.<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
==<br />
== '''What is the effect of transient solar events on the mesosphere and upper<br />
stratosphere?'''= ==<br />
=<br />
<br />
What we know?<br />
<br />
<br />
What we should do?<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
==What is the effect of transient solar events on the low stratosphere and upper<br />
troposphere?==</div>Irina.Mironovahttp://www.cawses.org/wiki/index.php/Task_1_Project_1Task 1 Project 12011-04-12T19:32:32Z<p>Irina.Mironova: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Task 1|''back to Task Group 1 Main Page'']] | [[Main Page|''back to CAWSES II Main Page'']]<br />
<br />
Task 1 Project 1<br />
<br />
= What is the effect of transient solar events on the middle and lower atmosphere?=<br />
<br />
Input for this task is expected from WG3. Output will be used in task 1.3.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Co-leaders==<br />
* Irina Mironova (RU)<br />
* Annikka Seppälä (UK/FI)<br />
<br />
<br />
==Proposed active collaborators==<br />
* studies of aerosol, water vapor response of SPE - M. Kulmala (FI), J. Kazil (GER);<br />
* Energetic particle precipitation – P. Veronnen (Finland), M. Clilverd (UK), C. Randall (US), C. Rodger (NZ)<br />
<br />
<br />
==Introduction==<br />
Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) events – flux of the charged particles accelerated to high<br />
energies during solar flares and/or coronal mass ejections. These particles are mostly<br />
protons and heaver ions with energy ranging from a few tens of keV to GeV.<br />
Normally SEP penetrate into the upper polar atmosphere, and only during some<br />
extremely strong SEP events, called Ground Level Enhancements (GLE), energetic<br />
particles can reach the troposphere increasing the ionization rate here.<br />
Transient solar events in energetic particles on the Earth atmosphere are events with<br />
enhanced energetic particle precipitation (mostly in polar and sub-polar regions) of the<br />
duration of hours-days. This gives a unique opportunity to study a direct effect on the<br />
atmosphere in case studies.<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
==What is the effect of transient solar events on the mesosphere and upper<br />
stratosphere?==<br />
<br />
What we know?<br />
<br />
What we should do?<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
==What is the effect of transient solar events on the low stratosphere and upper<br />
troposphere?==</div>Irina.Mironovahttp://www.cawses.org/wiki/index.php/Task_1_Project_1Task 1 Project 12011-04-12T19:30:36Z<p>Irina.Mironova: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Task 1|''back to Task Group 1 Main Page'']] | [[Main Page|''back to CAWSES II Main Page'']]<br />
<br />
Task 1 Project 1<br />
<br />
= What is the effect of transient solar events on the middle and lower atmosphere?=<br />
<br />
Input for this task is expected from WG3. Output will be used in task 1.3.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Co-leaders==<br />
* Irina Mironova (RU)<br />
* Annikka Seppälä (UK/FI)<br />
<br />
<br />
==Proposed active collaborators==<br />
* studies of aerosol, water vapor response of SPE - M. Kulmala (FI), J. Kazil (GER);<br />
* Energetic particle precipitation – P. Veronnen (Finland), M. Clilverd (UK), C. Randall (US), C. Rodger (NZ)<br />
<br />
<br />
==Introduction==<br />
Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) events – flux of the charged particles accelerated to high<br />
energies during solar flares and/or coronal mass ejections. These particles are mostly<br />
protons and heaver ions with energy ranging from a few tens of keV to GeV.<br />
Normally SEP penetrate into the upper polar atmosphere, and only during some<br />
extremely strong SEP events, called Ground Level Enhancements (GLE), energetic<br />
particles can reach the troposphere increasing the ionization rate here.<br />
Transient solar events in energetic particles on the Earth atmosphere are events with<br />
enhanced energetic particle precipitation (mostly in polar and sub-polar regions) of the<br />
duration of hours-days. This gives a unique opportunity to study a direct effect on the<br />
atmosphere in case studies.<br />
<br />
<br />
==What is the effect of transient solar events on the mesosphere and upper<br />
stratosphere?==<br />
<br />
What we know?<br />
What we should do?<br />
<br />
<br />
==What is the effect of transient solar events on the low stratosphere and upper<br />
troposphere?==</div>Irina.Mironovahttp://www.cawses.org/wiki/index.php/Task_1_Project_1Task 1 Project 12011-04-12T19:28:35Z<p>Irina.Mironova: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Task 1|''back to Task Group 1 Main Page'']] | [[Main Page|''back to CAWSES II Main Page'']]<br />
<br />
Task 1 Project 1<br />
<br />
= What is the effect of transient solar events on the middle and lower atmosphere?=<br />
<br />
Input for this task is expected from WG3. Output will be used in task 1.3.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Co-leaders==<br />
* Irina Mironova (RU)<br />
* Annikka Seppälä (UK/FI)<br />
<br />
<br />
==Proposed active collaborators==<br />
* studies of aerosol, water vapor response of SPE - M. Kulmala (FI), J. Kazil (GER);<br />
* Energetic particle precipitation – P. Veronnen (Finland), M. Clilverd (UK), C. Randall (US), C. Rodger (NZ)<br />
<br />
<br />
==Introduction==<br />
Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) events – flux of the charged particles accelerated to high<br />
energies during solar flares and/or coronal mass ejections. These particles are mostly<br />
protons and heaver ions with energy ranging from a few tens of keV to GeV.<br />
Normally SEP penetrate into the upper polar atmosphere, and only during some<br />
extremely strong SEP events, called Ground Level Enhancements (GLE), energetic<br />
particles can reach the troposphere increasing the ionization rate here.<br />
Transient solar events in energetic particles on the Earth atmosphere are events with<br />
enhanced energetic particle precipitation (mostly in polar and sub-polar regions) of the<br />
duration of hours-days. This gives a unique opportunity to study a direct effect on the<br />
atmosphere in case studies.<br />
<br />
<br />
==What is the effect of transient solar events on the mesosphere and upper<br />
stratosphere?==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==What is the effect of transient solar events on the low stratosphere and upper<br />
troposphere?==</div>Irina.Mironovahttp://www.cawses.org/wiki/index.php/Task_1_Project_1Task 1 Project 12011-04-12T19:27:43Z<p>Irina.Mironova: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Task 1|''back to Task Group 1 Main Page'']] | [[Main Page|''back to CAWSES II Main Page'']]<br />
<br />
Task 1 Project 1<br />
<br />
= What is the effect of transient solar events on the middle and lower atmosphere?=<br />
<br />
Input for this task is expected from WG3. Output will be used in task 1.3.<br />
<br />
==Co-leaders==<br />
* Irina Mironova (RU)<br />
* Annikka Seppälä (UK/FI)<br />
<br />
<br />
==Proposed active collaborators==<br />
* studies of aerosol, water vapor response of SPE - M. Kulmala (FI), J. Kazil (GER);<br />
* Energetic particle precipitation – P. Veronnen (Finland), M. Clilverd (UK), C. Randall (US), C. Rodger (NZ)<br />
<br />
<br />
==Introduction==<br />
Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) events – flux of the charged particles accelerated to high<br />
energies during solar flares and/or coronal mass ejections. These particles are mostly<br />
protons and heaver ions with energy ranging from a few tens of keV to GeV.<br />
Normally SEP penetrate into the upper polar atmosphere, and only during some<br />
extremely strong SEP events, called Ground Level Enhancements (GLE), energetic<br />
particles can reach the troposphere increasing the ionization rate here.<br />
Transient solar events in energetic particles on the Earth atmosphere are events with<br />
enhanced energetic particle precipitation (mostly in polar and sub-polar regions) of the<br />
duration of hours-days. This gives a unique opportunity to study a direct effect on the<br />
atmosphere in case studies.<br />
<br />
<br />
==What is the effect of transient solar events on the mesosphere and upper<br />
stratosphere?==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==What is the effect of transient solar events on the low stratosphere and upper<br />
troposphere?==</div>Irina.Mironovahttp://www.cawses.org/wiki/index.php/Task_1_Project_1Task 1 Project 12011-04-12T19:24:09Z<p>Irina.Mironova: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Task 1|''back to Task Group 1 Main Page'']] | [[Main Page|''back to CAWSES II Main Page'']]<br />
<br />
Task 1 Project 1<br />
<br />
= What is the effect of transient solar events on the middle and lower atmosphere?=<br />
<br />
Input for this task is expected from WG3. Output will be used in task 1.3.<br />
<br />
==Co-leaders==<br />
* Irina Mironova (RU)<br />
* Annikka Seppälä (UK/FI)<br />
<br />
==Proposed active collaborators==<br />
* studies of aerosol, water vapor response of SPE - M. Kulmala (FI), J. Kazil (GER);<br />
* Energetic particle precipitation – P. Veronnen (Finland), M. Clilverd (UK), C. Randall (US), C. Rodger (NZ)<br />
<br />
<br />
==Introduction==<br />
Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) events – flux of the charged particles accelerated to high<br />
energies during solar flares and/or coronal mass ejections. These particles are mostly<br />
protons and heaver ions with energy ranging from a few tens of keV to GeV.<br />
Normally SEP penetrate into the upper polar atmosphere, and only during some<br />
extremely strong SEP events, called Ground Level Enhancements (GLE), energetic<br />
particles can reach the troposphere increasing the ionization rate here.<br />
Transient solar events in energetic particles on the Earth atmosphere are events with<br />
enhanced energetic particle precipitation (mostly in polar and sub-polar regions) of the<br />
duration of hours-days. This gives a unique opportunity to study a direct effect on the<br />
atmosphere in case studies.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
=</div>Irina.Mironova